Iyini ingqondo eyinhloko yokukhetha-ikhwalithi ephezulu yokuncishiswa kwe-excavator?

Njengoba "inhliziyo" yesistimu yokudlulisa, ikhwalithi yesinciphisi se-excavator inquma ngokuqondile ukuqina kokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa, izindleko zamandla, kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila. Izinciphisi ze-excavator (okuhlanganisa ukuhamba, ukushwibeka, nezinhlobo ezijikelezayo) ziyizingxenye eziyinhloko zokudlulisa, futhi ikhwalithi yazo ithinta ngokuqondile ukuqina kwemishini, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nempilo yesevisi. Ikhwalithi ephezulu{2}yezimfuneko ezintathu, izinciphisi, izinciphisi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kufanele zihlangabezane "nezimfuneko eziphakeme zokulungisa, ukwethembeka," kufanele zihlangabezane nezimfuneko eziphezulu zokulungisa, ukuthembeka, nokuthembeka okuphezulu," ezingahlukaniswa zibe izici ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

1. Izinkomba zokusebenza eziyinhloko zeikhwalithi yokunciphisa

Umthamo-wokuthwala nokuminyana kwetorquekwesisindo sokunciphisa:

I-torque elinganiselwe yokufaka/yokukhiphayo:

I-torque ephezulu yokusebenza engadluliswa ngokuqhubekayo nangokuzinzile iyinkomba eyinhloko yokulinganisa ukusebenza kwayo kwamandla.

I-torque ephezulu (umthamo wokulayisha ngokweqile):

I-torque ephezulu engagcinwa ngaphansi-kumthwalo womthelela wesikhathi esifushane, okubonisa ukumelana kwayo komthelela (njengokumbiwa kanye nokusebenza kokuchotshozwa).

Ukuminyana kwetorque:

Inani le-torque elingadluliswa ngevolumu yeyunithi ngayinye noma isisindo. Ukuminyana kwetorque ephezulu kusho ukuphuma kwamandla amakhulu endaweni ehlangene futhi kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-excavator.

Ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselayekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Refers to the ratio of input power to output power. High efficiency means less energy lost (converted into heat), which is directly related to the fuel economy and operating efficiency of the entire machine. Maintaining a high efficiency (e.g., >U-90%) udingeka ngokujwayelekile ngisho-nokudluliselwa kwezigaba eziningi.

Ukunemba kokudlulisela nokuzinzayekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Iphutha lokudlulisa/ukuhlehla:

I-engeli encane i-shaft yokukhipha ingazungeza ngenkathi i-shaft yokufaka ilungisiwe. Ukuhlehla okweqile kungabangela i-hysteresis, ukushaqeka, ukuma okungalungile (ukuphazamisa ukulawula okuhle), nomsindo. Ukuhlehla kufanele kube kuncane kakhulu futhi kuzinzile.

Ukuqina kwe-torsional:

Ikhono lokumelana ne-elastic deformation. Ukuqina okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okuphendulayo nokunembayo, kunciphisa i-hysteresis nokudlidliza.

Ukusebenza bushelelezi/ukudlidliza nomsindo:

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezilinganiselwe, ukusebenza kufanele kube bushelelezi, nokudlidliza okuphansi nomsindo. Ukudlidliza okungavamile nomsindo kuvame ukuba isandulela sokwehluleka.

Ukuthembeka, ukuqina nokuphilayekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Impilo yokuklama (impilo ye-B10):

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusebenza, u-90% wabanciphisi bafinyelela noma badlule inombolo{1}yamahora okusebenza amahhala. Izinciphisi ze-Excavator ngokuvamile zidingeka ukuthi zibe neminyaka eyinkulungwane noma amashumi ezinkulungwane zamahora.

Amandla okukhathala:

Ikhono lezingxenye ezibalulekile (amagiya, ama-bearings, shafts) ukumelana nokulimala kokukhathala okubangelwa ukushintshana kwemithwalo (njengokukhathala kokuthintana nezinyo kanye nokukhathala kokugoba kwezimpande zezinyo).

Ukumelana nokugqoka:

Ikhono lamapheya okungqubuzana okufana nezinyo kanye nama-bearings ukumelana nokuguga kuthinta ngqo ukugcinwa kokunemba nokuphila.

Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa nokusebenza kwebhalansi yokushisaye-reducer mass:

Ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwangaphakathi (ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa) kwesinciphisi ngaphansi-kumsebenzi wokulayisha ogcwele oqhubekayo. Idizayini enhle yokukhipha ukushisa iqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lingaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lamafutha kanye nama-seal ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kukawoyela, ukwehluleka kwezigxivizo, kanye nokuguqulwa kokushisa kwezingxenye. Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nebhalansi yokushisa ezinzile kuyadingeka.

Ukusebenza kokuvala kwekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Vimbela ngokuphumelelayo uthuli lwangaphandle, udaka, amanzi, nokungcola ekungeneni, kuyilapho futhi uvimbele ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwezithambisi. Ukuhluleka kwe-seal kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokulimala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubanciphisi. Izinga eliphezulu lokuvikela i-IP (elifana ne-IP67 noma ngaphezulu) liyadingeka.

Ukuqala ukusebenza kanye nezimo lokushisa eliphansiyekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Ezimweni zokushisa eziphansi (njengezindawo ezibanda kakhulu), i-viscosity yamafutha okugcoba iyanda, futhi isinciphisi kufanele sikwazi ukuqala ngokujwayelekile futhi sisebenze kahle, esinezidingo eziqondile zokugcoba amafutha kanye nomklamo wangaphakathi.

2. Izidingo zekhwalithi eziyinhloko zeikhwalithi yokunciphisa

Ukwelashwa kwempahla nokushisa kwekhwalithi yokunciphisa :

Amandla aphezulu:

Amagiya, amashafti, izindlu kanye nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile kufanele zenziwe-ngensimbi ye-alloy enamandla (njenge-20CrMnTi, 42CrMo, njll.).

Ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu:

Indawo yezinyo legiya idinga ukwelashwa kokuqina kwendawo efana nokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing, ukucisha, kanye ne-nitriding ukuze kuzuzwe ubulukhuni obuphezulu (i-HRC 58-62 noma ngaphezulu) kanye nokujula okwanele kongqimba oluqinile.

Ukuqina okuphezulu:

Umgogodla wezinyo kufanele ulondoloze ukuqina okwanele ukuze umelane nemithwalo yethonya futhi uvimbele ukuphuka okuphukayo. Ukuhlanzeka kwezinto (ukulawula ukufakwa) kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa (njengokulawula ukuqina nokushisa okwanele) kubalulekile.

Ukunemba kokukhiqizayekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Ukunemba kwegiya:

kufanele ifinyelele izinga eliphezulu lokunemba (njenge-ISO 1328 ileveli 6 noma ngaphezulu), lilawule ngokuqinile iphutha lephrofayela yezinyo, iphutha eliqondiswe kwezinyo, iphutha lokunqwabelana kwephimbo, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhuma okubushelelezi, umsindo ophansi, ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo ofanayo, kanye nezindawo zokuxhumana ezihlangabezana nezidingo.

Ukubekezelelwa kwefomu nesikhundla:

Ukunemba kobukhulu, ukuqina kwe-cylindricity, i-coaxiality, ukuhambisana, nokubekezelela ukuphuma kwamanzi kwamashafu, izimbobo ezithwalayo, ubuso bokuphela, njll. kumele kuqinisekiswe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba komhlangano nokuzinza kokusebenza.

Ikhwalithi yobuso:

Ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bamapheya okukhuhlana okubalulekile njengendawo yamazinyo nezihlalo ezithwele kufanele kube phezulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukuklwebhana, ukuguga kanye nokugxilisa ingqondo.

Idizayini yesakhiwo kanye nokwenza kahleyekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Ukuqina:

Idizayini yesakhiwo sebhokisi kufanele ibe nokuqina okwanele namandla okumelana nokuguquka futhi iqinisekise ukunemba kwe-gear meshing kanye nokuqina kokusekelwa.

Idizayini yokulinganisa umthwalo:

Ekudlulisweni-ezitejini eziningi noma ekudluliseleni kweplanethi, indlela yokulinganisa umthwalo (njengenkampani yeplanethi entantayo kanye nokuhlanganisa igiya) kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthwalo usabalaliswa ngokulinganayo endleleni ngayinye yokudlulisela.

Idizayini yokukhipha ukushisa:

Isakhiwo sezimbambo zokukhipha ukushisa okunengqondo, idizayini yesekethe kawoyela yangaphakathi (ukugcoba i-splash noma ukuthambisa okuphoqelekile) kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokupholisa sangaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo.

Idizayini yokuvala:

Sebenzisa ama-seal amaningi (njengama-skeleton oil seal, ama-labyrinth seal, nezinhlanganisela ze-O-), futhi ucabangele izakhiwo ezivikela uthuli nezingangeni manzi.

Ikhwalithi yomhlanganoyekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Inhlanzeko:

Indawo yokuhlangana ihlanzekile futhi izingxenye zihlanzwa kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena ukungcola.

Ukulawula ukulayisha kuqala:

I-bearing preload kufanele ilungiswe ngokunembile. Ukulayisha kuqala kakhulu kuzoholela ekukhuphukeni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kanye neminyaka yokuphila ibe mfushane, kuyilapho ukulayisha kuqala okuncane kakhulu kuzoholela ekuqineni okunganele kanye nokudlidliza okuphezulu nomsindo.

Ukulawula ukusula:

Ukucaciswa okubalulekile okufana ne-gear meshing side clearance kanye ne-bearing clearance kuyalungiswa endaweni.

I-torque yokuqinisa:

Wonke amabhawodi kumele aqiniswe ngendlela ebekiwe kanye ne-torque ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuxega kanye nokuguqulwa.

Ukugcotshwa namafuthayekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Khetha uwoyela-osindayo wegiya noma ugrisi okhethekile ohlangabezana nokucaciswayo futhi anezici zokulwa{1}}nomfutho owedlulele, ukuqina kwe-oxidation, ukumelana nokugqwala, izici ze-viscosity{2}}zezinga lokushisa kanye nezici zokulwa{3}}ne-emulsification.

Inani lokugcwalisa linembile futhi ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso.

Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okuqinileyekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto:

ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini, ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo se-metallographic.

Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo:

Ubukhulu, ubulukhuni, nokutholwa kwamaphutha (ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya kazibuthe/i-ultrasonic) ngemva kwezinqubo ezibalulekile (ezifana nokwelashwa kokushisa nokucutshungulwa kwamazinyo).

Ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo okuqedile:

Akukho-ukuhlolwa kokulayisha: ukusebenza kahle, umsindo, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, nokuvala.

Layisha ukuhlolwa (okuyisisekelo):

belingisa izimo zokusebenza zangempela ebhentshini lokuhlola ukuze wenze izivivinyo zokusebenza kuma-torque ahlukene (amanani alinganiselwe naphakeme) kanye nesivinini, futhi uhlole ukusebenza kahle, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza nomsindo, ukuvala uphawu, izinguquko zokuhlehla, njll.

Ukuhlolwa kwempilo yokukhathala/ukuhlolwa kwempilo okusheshisiwe:

qinisekisa impilo yokuklama nokuthembeka.

Ukuhlolwa okulimazayo (isampula):

qinisekisa umthamo wokugcina wokuthwala.

Ukuhlolwa kwenhlanzeko:

Ukuhlanzeka kwangaphakathi kufanele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso.

Ukuvumelana nezimo nokuvikelwa kwemveloyekhwalithi yokunciphisa:

Igobolondo kumele likwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zokusebenza ze-excavator (amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, uthuli, umswakama, udaka, isifutho sikasawoti).

Ikhwalithi yesinciphisiihambisana nezimboni kanye namazinga okuphepha:

Kufanele ithobelane nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe (ezifana ne-ISO), zikazwelonke (ezifana ne-GB) noma izimboni (njengamazinga e-Construction Machinery Association).

Hlangana nezidingo zokuphepha zawo wonke umshini, njengokusebenza kwamabhuleki (uma amabhuleki ehlanganisiwe), ukuhlaziywa kwemodi yokwehluleka (FMEA), njll.

Ingqikithi yezinciphisi ze-excavator ileleamandla aphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, nempilo ende. Izidingo zekhwalithi zelukwa kuyo yonke inqubo, kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo nasekuthuthukisweni kwedizayini kuya ekukhiqizeni okunembayo, ukuhlanganisa okuqinile, ukugcotshwa kwesayensi, nokuhlola okuphelele. Ukwengamela kunoma yisiphi isigaba kungaholela ekwehleni kokusebenza noma ekwehlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kuthinte isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-excavator, izindleko zokusebenza, nokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi abaphezulu njalo bacabangela ukunciphisa i-R&D, ukukhiqiza, nokulawula ikhwalithi njengamakhono asemqoka. Lapho ukhetha noma uhlola isinciphisi, kubalulekile ukugxila kudatha elinganiselwe yezinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile nezilinganiso ezithile nezitifiketi ezihlangabezana nalezi zidingo zekhwalithi .

Isithunzi somkhiqizo: Imakethe-Iqinisekisiwe "I-Quality Pass" ye-Excavator Reducers - Ngo-Ukuqhathanisa Okujulile Nomhlahlandlela Wokukhetha wama-Mainstream Brands ngo-2025

Emkhakheni wemishini yokwakha, izinciphisi ze-excavator ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokudlulisa, futhi ukusebenza kwazo nokuthembeka kuthinta ngokuqondile ubude besikhathi semishini nokusebenza kahle. Idumela lomkhiqizo akulona nje uphawu lwamandla ezobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi liwuphawu lwemakethe-okufakazelwe "ukudlula kwekhwalithi," okusiza abasebenzisi behlise ubungozi futhi bathuthukise imbuyiselo yabo ekutshalweni kwezimali. Lapho ukhetha umkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela izilinganiso ezintathu ezibalulekile: intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, isithunzi semakethe, nokufaneleka kohlelo lokusebenza. Amandla obuchwepheshe aqinisekisa ukuqina nokunemba komkhiqizo; isithunzi semakethe sibonisa ukwethenjwa komsebenzisi kanye nokuzimisela kokuthenga kabusha; kanye nokufaneleka kohlelo lokusebenza kunquma ukusebenza komkhiqizo ezimeni ezithile zokusebenza (njengezimayini, amaxhaphozi, noma amathafa). Njengoba imboni yemishini yokwakha ishintshela ekukhiqizeni okuhlakaniphile nokuluhlaza ngo-2025, ukukhetha umkhiqizo kudinga ukucabanga okubheke phambili nakakhulu{6}}.

Ngokusekelwe emibikweni yemboni kanye nempendulo yomsebenzisi, ngihlukanise amabhrendi ajwayelekile ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko (abaphezulu-abaphezulu bamazwe ngamazwe, abaholi basekhaya, nabadlali be-niche abakhethekile). Nginikeze{2}}ngokuhlaziya okujulile ngisebenzisa amathebula ahlelekile nengxoxo enemininingwane. Amathebula adizayinelwe ukuthi abe mafushane futhi athandeke ngobuhle (akhawulelwe kumaphoyinti angu-5 noma ngaphansi), futhi anezelwa-ngokuhumusha okunezinhlangothi eziningi okuhlanganisa imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, izitayela zemakethe, nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza. Lokhu kuqinisekisa okuqukethwe okuphrofeshinali nokusebenzayo ukusiza ekuthatheni izinqumo{7}}.

1. Ithebula lokuqhathanisa lemikhiqizo ye-excavator reducer evamile ngo-2025

Ithebula elilandelayo, elihlanganiswe ngokusekelwe kudatha yemakethe yomhlaba wonke (Umthombo: Off-Ucwaningo Lomgwaqo Omkhulu, I-China Construction Machinery Industry Association), ligqamisa izinzuzo eziyinhloko, izimo ezisebenzayo, nezinkomba zokuqinisekisa imakethe. Ithebula lenzelwe ukuthi libe mfushane futhi lihlanganise amaphuzu abalulekile abalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufundeka okuphezulu:

Ama-engeli amaningi-ekujuleni kokuhlaziya kanye neziphakamiso zokukhetha

 

Okuqukethwe okulandelayo kusekelwe esihlokweni somsebenzisi: Lo msebenzisi angase abe umthengi wemishini yokwakha, umklami, noma unjiniyela wokulungisa, odinga ukuthuthukisa ukukhetha kokunciphisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngizohlinzeka ngengxoxo enemininingwane emibonweni emithathu: ubuchwepheshe, imakethe, nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, okuhlanganisa amathrendi embonini, izifundo zezenzakalo, nezeluleko ezisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuphelele. Le ngxoxo ihlelwe yaba izigaba ezintathu ezibalulekile ukuze kugwenywe uhlu olude.

01

Imikhiqizo yezinga eliphezulu-yamazwe ngamazwe: Itshe legumbi lobuchwephesha bezobuchwepheshe nokwethenjwa komhlaba wonke.

Amandla ayinhloko emikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-ZF yaseJalimane kanye ne-Sumitomo yase-Japan asebungcweti babo beminyaka-yakudala bokukhiqiza ukunemba. Umshini wabo wegiya we-micron-usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa i-CNC five-i-axis linkage technology) uqinisekisa ukudluliswa kahle okufika ku-98%, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-10-15%. Ukusebenzisa kwabo{8}}insimbi enamandla alloy kuqinisekisa ukuphila okudlula iminyaka emihlanu emisebenzini yezimayini (ngokwesibonelo, emayini yethusi yase-Chile, inkinga emaphakathi{13}}yokusebenza kwamahhala (MTBH) yamahora angu-20,000). Isabelo sabo semakethe yomhlaba wonke esingu-35% sisukela{19}kunethiwekhi yabo yokuthengisa ebanzi (ngaphezu kwamaphoyinti esevisi angu-500 emhlabeni wonke), futhi izinga labo lokuthenga kabusha elingu-82% libonisa ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe ezithuthukile. Nokho, izithiyo zabo zihlanganisa izindleko eziphezulu (izintengo zamayunithi ziphezulu ngo-30-zingu-50% ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ekhaya) kanye nokwenza kwasendaweni okwanele, okuwenza angafaneleki izinguquko ezisheshayo ezimakethe ezisafufusa. Izincomo zabasebenzisi: Beka phambili{21}}amaphrojekthi amakhulu,{24}}anomthwalo omkhulu (njengezimayini noma ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda) ukuze uqede ukutshalwa kwezimali kwasekuqaleni ngokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside. Uma sibheka phambili ku-2025, le mikhiqizo ihlanganisa ukugcinwa kokuqagela okunamandla e-AI ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuhlakani babo.

02

Amabhrendi Asekhaya Ahamba phambili: Ukunyuka Kwesevisi Yendawo kanye Nezindleko-Ukusebenza kahle.

Imikhiqizo yasekhaya, emelwe i-XCMG kanye ne-Sany, ikhulisa amanethiwekhi abo esevisi abanzi (ngaphezu kwezindawo ze-30 ngaphakathi) kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula ngokushesha (Ngaphansi noma ezilingana namahora angu-24), ukubhekana nobuhlungu besikhathi sokuphumula semishini kanye nokuzuza ngemva{2}}kwamazinga wokwaneliseka okuthengisa angaphezu kwama-90%. Ngobuchwepheshe, le mikhiqizo, ngokwethula izinqubo ezithuthukile zamazwe ngamazwe (njengemishini yokugaya igiya ye-Swiss Reishauer), ifinyelela ukunemba okungu-±5μm, uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga aphambili aphesheya. Ukuhambisana kwawo okuqinile kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo namamodeli e-excavator ajwayelekile asekhaya (njenge-XCMG XE200), ngezinga lokwehluleka elingaphansi kuka-1.5% ekuhlolweni komthwalo osindayo-. Idatha yemakethe isekela umfutho wabo wokukhula: isabelo semakethe yasekhaya esingu-25% kanye nokukhula konyaka okungu-12%, okuqhutshwa yizindleko-ukusebenza ngempumelelo (ukunciphisa izindleko ngo-20-30%). Nokho, inselele ilele ekuqineni kwazo okungaphansi kancane ezinhlelweni{17}}eziphakeme (njengezimayini{19}}ezinkulu). Isincomo somsebenzisi: Ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zenhloso-zosayizi ojwayelekile{21}}(ukwakhiwa kwedolobha noma amaphrojekthi anyakazayo), okugcizelela amaphrojekthi angabizi kakhulu. Uma sibheka phambili, ngentuthuko ye-"Made in China 2025," le mikhiqizo yenza inqubekelaphambili esheshayo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinciphisi zikagesi.

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Ibhrendi yokuhlukanisa ngokwezigaba: ochwepheshe bokwenza ngokwezifiso okusha kanye nokutshala izigcawu ezijulile

Imikhiqizo yochwepheshe efana ne-C kanye ne-XX Reducer Factory, egxile ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso okusha kanye nezimo ezijulile zohlelo lokusebenza, ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ezimakethe ze-niche. Ukugxila kwabo okuyinhloko i-R&D (ngaphezu kuka-15% we-investimenti), njengokuthuthukisa ukugqwala{2}}kwezinciphisi ezingazweli eziqondene ngqo namaxhaphozi (usebenzisa i-nano{3}}enelungelo lobunikazi{3}}okwenamathela okwandisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti ngo-50%) noma{5}}amamodeli okuphakama okuphezulu (enezinhlelo zokuthambisa ezithuthukisiwe zokujwayela -izindawo ezinomoya-mpilo ophansi). Ulayini wabo womkhiqizo obanzi (okuhlanganisa amamodeli okuhamba nawokuzungeza) kanye nobuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi obungaphezu kuka-50 buqinisekisa ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okuvumelana nezimo (isibonelo, izixazululo zangokwezifiso zamaphrojekthi omhlume eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia). Ukuqinisekiswa kwemakethe kubonisa isabelo sabo semakethe esingabuyiseleki esingu-60%, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezikhethekile zokusebenza ezifana nokugqwala okuphezulu nokuphakama okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, isikali sabo esincane kanye nokufakwa kwesevisi okulinganiselwe kuyizithiyo. Iseluleko sokukhetha umsebenzisi: Beka kuqala izindawo ezikhethekile (njengamaphrojekthi wamandla omoya asethafeni noma amaphrojekthi asogwini), ugxile ekusebenzisaneni kwe-R&D ukuze uthole izinzuzo zokwenza ngokwezifiso. Ngo-2025, lezi zinhlobo zizohlomula ekuguqukeni kokuluhlaza (isb, ukukhula kwesidingo sezinsiza zokumba ugesi).

 

Ingqikithi yokwethembeka komkhiqizo iyimakethe-efakazelwe "iphasipoti yekhwalithi"{1}}imikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe inikeza isisekelo esithembekile, abaholi basekhaya bavumela ukwenziwa kwasendaweni okuphumelelayo, futhi amasegimenti akhethekile athuthukisa ukwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo. Lapho kukhethwa imikhiqizo, abasebenzisi bayelulekwa ukuba basebenzise indlela "yesimo{3}}yokuqala": bakhethe izinhlobo zamazwe ngamazwe-zezimayini ezisindayo; imikhiqizo yasekhaya yobunjiniyela obujwayelekile; kanye nochwepheshe abakhethekile bezicelo ezikhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile (ezifana nezinzwa ze-IoT) kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulungisa. Ngo-2025, imboni izogxila ekuzinzeni (abanciphisi bakagesi kulindeleke ukuthi babhekane nama-20% emakethe) kanye nokusheshisa ukushintshwa kwasekhaya (imikhiqizo yasekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi yeqe u-30% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke). Ekugcineni,{11}}ekujuleni kokuqinisekisa kwemakethe (njengamazinga okuthenga kabusha kanye nedatha yesikhathi sokuphila) kuyindinganiso eyigolide yokwenza{12}}isinqumo. Abasebenzisi bayelulekwa ukuthi babheke{14}}imibiko yenkampani yangaphandle (efana nokuhlaziya konyaka kweQembu le-KHL) kuhlanganiswe nokuhlolwa kwenkambu.

Isisekelo sekhwalithi yokuncishiswa kwe-excavator sisekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo nasekulawuleni inqubo, lapho ngokuhlangene kunquma ukuthembeka kwayo nokuhlala kwayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima (njengemithwalo ephezulu, umthelela onamandla, nezindawo ezinothuli/ezinomswakama). Okuqukethwe "kuyisisekelo somzimba," kuyilapho inqubo "isiqinisekiso sokunemba." Kalula nje, okokusebenza kunquma "ukuqina" kwesinciphisi, kuyilapho inqubo inquma "ukunemba" kwayo. Le nhlanganisela yakho kokubili inika amandla izinciphisi ze-excavator ukuthi zigcine-ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu njengezimayini nezindawo zokwakha.

Ukukhetha izinto ezibalulekile:

Igiya/igiya shaft:

Yenziwe ngensimbi engu-20CrMnTi low-carbon alloy steel (amandla aqinile Amakhulu noma alingana no-1080MPa), enobunzima bobuso obufinyelela ku-HRC60-62 ngemva kokwelashwa kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha, futhi igqoka ukumelana ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kunokwensimbi evamile engu-45#;

Umzimba webhokisi:

I-HT250 ephezulu-insimbi ecijile yamandla (amandla okugoba Amakhulu noma alingana no-250MPa) akhethiwe, ahlanganiswe nenqubo yokusakazwa kwesihlabathi senhlaka ukuze kuncishiswe ukonakala kwangaphakathi kwe-porosity futhi kukhuphule amandla okucindezela ngo-20%;

Ama-Bearings:

I-SKF, i-NSK namanye ama-bearings omkhiqizo wamazwe ngamazwe ayakhethwa, ngebanga lokunemba elingu-P5 noma ngaphezulu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe{1}}ukuzinza kokusebenza kwesivinini esiphezulu (ukudlidliza Kungaphansi noma kulingana no-0.05mm uma isivinini Sikhulu noma silingana no-3000r/min).

Amazinga wenqubo abalulekile:

Ukucutshungulwa kwegiya:

Kusetshenziswa umshini wokugaya wegiya we-Klingelnberg CNC waseJalimane, ubuqhwaga bezinyo Ra Ngaphansi noma obulingana no-0.8μm, ukunemba kokuxhumana Okukhulu noma okulingana ne-GB/T 10095.1 izinga elijwayelekile 6;

Ukwelashwa kokushisa:

Ngenqubo ye-austempering, ukuwohloka kulawulwa kube Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.02mm ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba komhlangano;

Ubuchwepheshe bokuvalwa:

Ukwamukela i-fluororubber double-lip seal (ikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa -40℃~120℃), impilo yesevisi yokunqanda ukuvuza idlula amahora angu-10,000.

Ukukhethwa kwe-excavator kufanele kusekelwe kumodeli ye-excavator, izimo zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zepharamitha ukugwema "ihhashi elikhulu elidonsa inqola encane" noma "ukulayisha ngokweqile":

Ama-excavators amancane (<150cm):

Isilinganiso sokunciphisa ukuhamba esinconyiwe singu-1:25-1:30, netorque engu-500-800 N·m. Ifanele imikhiqizo yenjongo evamile evela ku-Brand A.

Ama-excavators amaphakathi (150-300):

Isinciphisi sokuhlaba kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza kahle Sikhulu noma silingana no-95% futhi ukumelana nomthwalo wokushaqeka Kukhulu noma kulingana no-800 N m. Amamodeli e-Brand B noma e-German ZF ayanconywa.

Large/special excavators (>300 noma ezezimayini):

Izakhiwo eziqinisiwe ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziyadingeka, njengezimayini zohlobo C-ezithize zokunciphisa amagiya enziwe ngezinto eziyinhlanganisela ye-bimetallic futhi ziphila isikhathi eside ngo-50% kunohlobo olujwayelekile.

Abakhiqizi-abaphezulu kufanele babe nezinzuzo ezine ezinkulu: **izinto zokusebenza, i-R&D, ikhwalithi, nesevisi**, kanje:

Fingqa

Ukuhlaziya okungenhla-kobukhulu kubonisa ngokusobala ukuthi lapho kukhethwa izinciphisi ze-excavator, inqubo yokukhetha ebanzi kufanele isungulwe, kugxilwe kumingcele yokusebenza njengokucatshangelwa okuyinhloko, amabhrendi ahlonishwayo njengesiqiniseko sekhwalithi,{1}}izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nobuciko obuthuthukisiwe njengesisekelo sokukhiqiza, ukufanisa imodeli nezimo zokusebenza njengokhiye ophelele womkhiqizi, kanye nomkhiqizi ophelele. ngemuva-kwesistimu yesevisi yokuthengisa njengesiqinisekiso sesevisi{3}}yangemva kokuthengisa. Enqubweni yangempela yokuthenga, ukufanisa okunembile kwemodeli nezimo ezithile zokusebenza, njengendawo yendawo yokwakha, ukuqina komsebenzi, kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa, kuyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo zezomnotho ezibanzi "zokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, nokwelula impilo yesevisi." Ngakho-ke, sincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi amakhasimende okugcina abeke phambili imikhiqizo evela-yemikhiqizo eyaziwayo enesipiliyoni{7}}sesikhathi eside semakethe kanye nedumela elihle lapho ekhetha abahlinzeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi kufanele banikeze imibiko ephelele yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe, idatha yokuhlola enemininingwane yokusebenza, futhi kucace{9}}izibopho zesevisi yokuthengisa. Lezi zinyathelo ziqinisekisa ukulawulwa okuqinile okuvela emthonjeni wochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo futhi zehlise ngempumelelo izinkinga ezingaba khona zekhwalithi kanye nezingozi.

Funda kabanzi

 

Sawubona, ngingu-Jason Wang, umbhali walokhu okuthunyelwe. Sinesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 ekuhlinzekeni ngezingxenye ze-excavator, sinikeza{2}}izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu kumabhizinisi emazweni angaphezu kuka-50 emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela ezitolo ezincane zokukhanda kuya kubasabalalisi abakhulu, amakhasimende ethu athembele kithi ukuze athole izingxenye eziqinile nezinembayo zokumba ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomkhakha. Uhlu lwethu olubanzi lomkhiqizo luhlanganisa ama-excavator couplings, izimbobo zenjoloba, izakhi zamanzi, izihlungi, izingxenye zikagesi, izingxenye ezithwala ngaphansi kwenqola, nokunye, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemikhiqizo namamodeli. Noma ngabe okokwakha, ezezimayini, ezolimo, noma izicelo zemishini esindayo, izingxenye zethu zakhelwe ukumelana nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile nempilo ende yesevisi.

 

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